46. 动词的现在分词与过去分词在用法上有什么异同? 学习这一语法内容还要注意哪些方面? 答: 现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语动词形式, 从语法功能上讲都可以用来作表语、定语、状语、补语等; 但现在分词和过去分词在意义上不同:一般说来, 现在分词表主动的意义, 过去分词表被动的意义。例如: a moving film 一部动人的电影 a moved audience 一个被感动了的观众 用做定语或表语现在分词和过去分词在其所表的动作上亦不同: 现在分词所表的动作皆未完成, 过去分词所表的动作则已完成。 例如: boiling water 正在煮沸的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 学习现在分词和过去分词要了解现在分词表示主动及动作在进行;过去分词表示被动和动作完成。 另外, 还要注意过去分词和现在分词的被动式或完成式的区别。 例如: Did you see the boy being questioned by the police? Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 上述两句都不能用过去分词 再比较下面两个句子: I saw the net being haulted in. 我看见鱼网正在被拉上来 I saw the net haulted in我看见鱼网被拉上来了。 另外还要注意: 现在分词和过去分词做状语时, 分词的逻辑主语一定要是主句的主语。看看这个句子: Seen from the window of the plane, I found the buildings seemed like little boxes. 这个句子是错误的, 因为分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致。 正确的表达应该是: Seeing from the window of the plane, I found the buildings seemed like little boxes. Seen from the window of the plane, the buildings seemed like little boxes. 47. It is not clear ______ this story took place. A. where and when B. when and where C. how and why D. why and how 答案是B, 其他的为什么不可以呢? 答: when and where引导主语从句, 习惯用法。 不用where and when. 48. He will give the dictionary to ______ need it. A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who C. those who 答案是A, D不可以吗? 答: whoever表示 “任何人” 相当于 “anyone who” , :those who”不能表达这个意思。 49.---Do you know him? ---Yes, but I can’t remember ______ I met him for the first time. A. where B. when C. that D. if 答案是B。 选A行吗? 答: 根据情景意义判断:用when最佳。 ---Do you know him? 你认识他吗? (说明现在的情况) ---Yes, but I can’t remember ______ I met him for the first time. (认识, 但我不记得第一次和他见面是什么时候了) 看看这个意义, 如果用where的话, 意义就不太合语境了。 50. ______what to do, he went to ask his teacher for advice A. Not knowing B. Not having known 这题为什么不选B? 答: 分词的一般形式和完成形式表达的意义有区别: 只有当分词的动作明显先于主句的谓语动词发生时才用完成形式。 动词known在这儿表示当时的状态, 不用完成形式。 句子表达的意义是: 由于(当时)不知道怎么做, 他去请教了老师。 51. They have their reasons for keeping their marriage ______ secret for ______moment. A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a 这道题怎么做? 为什么是the moment而不是a moment, 两者有什么区别? 这句怎么翻译? 答: key: C。 这题在短语中考查冠词 keep sth a secret 使……保密 for the moment 暂时, 目前 全句意思: 他们暂时不想公开他们结婚的事是有其原因的。 52. 一个好觉, 用英语翻译过来是:a good sleep还是a sound sleep? 答: a sound sleep是地道的英语表达! 53. “The very next day”怎么翻译?请老师帮助分析一下结构, 特别是very在这里是什么意思? 答: very用作形容词, 这儿的意思是 “就在第二天/正是第二天, 类似的用法举例如下: He is the very person we are looking for 他就是我们要找的人。 54.It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 参考答案是B。 该句如何翻译呢? 答: 这是一个强调句! 强调句的基本结构是 “it is/was……that……。 强调句有一个特点: 那就是去掉结构词, 仍然是个完整的句子。 它可用来强调除谓语以外的任何成分, 该句强调主语。句子意思是: 是做工作的能力而不是那里人或什么身份起作用。 再看看下面这个句子吧: John went to visit his grandpa last night, 这是一个简单句, 看看下面的强调句: It was John who went to visit his grandpa last night. (强调主语, 主语是人可用who, 句义是: 是John昨晚去看了他爷爷。) It was his grandpa that John went to visit last night. (强调宾语, 句义是: John昨晚去看的是他爷爷。) It was last night that John went to visit his grandpa. (强调时间状语, 句义是: 是在昨天晚上John去看他爷爷。) 55. 请问You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how 这题应如何解释? 答: 答案: what. what I disagree是表语从句, 表达的意思是: “我所不同意的”. what在这儿相当于all that. 56. Chaplin acted in 82 films, ______he wrote and directed himself. A. and many of which B. and many of them C. any of them D. many which 答案是B. 怎么理解呢? 答: 注意句子结构. 逗号前后两个分句是并列关系, 所以这里用and many of them. 若是主从关系的话, 要用many of which. 57. a. John plays football ______, if not better than David. b. John plays football ______, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 这两道题就差一个逗号, 那么答案能一样吗? 答: 不一样! b. John plays football ______, if not better than, David. 有逗号, if not better than在句中作插入语, 空格要填as well as.. 去掉插入成分, 句子John plays football as well as David是一个意义完整的句子. a. John plays football ______, if not better than David. 没有后面的逗号, if not better than David要理解为条件状语从句, 是if he does not play better than David的省略, 那么前面的主句应该是:John plays football as well as David. 也可省略为: John plays football as well. 58. It is no longer a question now ______man can land on the moon. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 答案是A. 我想选C. 行吗? 答: 选C 不行. 这里的it不是形式主语, 空格后面也不是主语从句, 因为这样的话, 句子意义讲不通, 这里应该选A. now that “既然, 由于” 引导原因状语; 句中的it是实义的代词; 全句意思这样理解: 既然人类能登上月球, 这件事就不再是问题了. 59. We hurried to the bus station ______that the bus had already left. A. only finding B. only to find C. to find only D. finding only 这题如何解释? 谢谢 答: 答案: only to find 动词不定式作状语表示结果, 句子的意思是说: 我们匆忙赶到汽车站, 结果发现车已经开走了. 再看看这个例句: They broke into the room only to find a mess. 60. Gould you tell me what’s the matter with…一句中, 宾语从句中的what’s the matter with……为什么不用陈述语序? 答 what’s the matter本身就是陈述语气: what是主语, is是连系动词, the matter名词作表语. 61. 我们英语老师说序数词形容词和最高级作表语时不加the, 我觉得不对, 征求一下意见, 拜托并解释一下. 答: 序数词表示顺序时, 前面往往用冠词或其他的determiner (例如: 形容词性的物主代词). 以first为例, the first spaceman, my first trip to Beijing; 但first也可用作副词、名词、代词, 这时就不一定要用定冠词了; 形容词的最高级用作表语强调事物的品质时应省去定冠词, 但如修饰名词或代词作定语仍然须用the。 例如: This is where the river is deepest. Put the picture where light is best. This book is the most difficult that I have read, (difficult后省去了one或book, 这儿most前须用the) 62. ---Don’t put the waste on the ground, young man. ---Oh, I’m sorry. I ______the dustbin there. A. hadn’t seen B/. didn’t see C. can’t see D. wasn’t seeing 答:key: B didn’t see 本题在语境中考查时态。 “丢废物在地上时没有看见垃圾箱”, put the waste on the ground是过去的动作, not see the dustbin也要用一般过去时态. 63. No computer so far ______an have the same ability as human brains A. be built B. having built C. being built D. built 答: D. built, so far built 过去分词短语用做定语. 过去分词有被动或完成的意义. 64. 主谓一致的问题该怎样理解呢? 答: 主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数方面和主语保持一这; 学习这一语言知识点特别注意意义一致、*近原则。 [1] [2] [3] 下一页 |