替代词，就是在日常学习中所用的代词或量词。针对学生们常见的一些练习和考题， 总结了一下几种特殊替代用法：

　　it 在句中作形式主语或形式宾语的替代用法

　　1. it作形式主语可以代替句中的动词不定式、动词-ing分词或一个句子。

　　It is important for us to learn English well. (it替代不定式to learn English)

　　It is no use making such an apology to us Chinese. ( It 替代动词-ing分词 making such an apology)

　　It is happy for her parents that she is well now. (it 替代句子that she is well now)

　　2. it作形式宾语可以代替句中的动词不定式，此时句中的谓语事由某些特殊动词 (如：findthinkfeel等)充当的。

　　I find it impossible to finish so much work in such a short time. (it 替代不定式to finish so much work)

　　that this在句中的替代用法

　　1、 that

　　A: I’m going to wear my new jeans to her party.

　　B: You can’t do that. (that替代to wear my new jeans to her party这一事情)

　　2. this

　　this 在介绍某人或某物时，指的是*近自己的一方。

　　A: Hi, Mr. Smith, This is my friend, Bill.

　　B: Nice to meet you, Bill.

　　C: Nice to meet you, Mr. Smith.

　　This 在电话用语中指的是自己。

　　A: Hello, may I speak to Miss Li?

　　B: This is Miss Li speaking. (我就是李女士)

which、that 、who、whom在定语从句中的替代用法

　　1. which 在句中放指物的先行词后或整个句子后，引导限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句。

　　She said I was lazy, which isn’t true.( which替代句子 She said I was lazy)

　　This is the pen which was bought by my father. (which替代的是 the pen)

　　2. that在句中放先行词后，引导限定性定语从句。既可指物，也可指人。

　　The book that she borrowed from the library was lost. ( that替代的是The book)

　　The man that with a knife in his hand is a murderer. (that替代的是The man )

　　The pants are too small for me, Can you show me another pair? (因为another后面只能跟单数可数名词，故而这里用pair代替，意为a pair of pants)

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