1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.

例如(e.g)

[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of

people

say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that .......

Others

argueim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some

truth

in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely

believed/held/acknowledged

that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt

whether.....

1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

e.g

[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has

cause/

aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.

[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...

has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)

[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of

the

new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

-----&

1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

e.g:

[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...

Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/

popular than...

[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/

coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the

necessity

to......

Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of

......

[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the

attitude/idea

that.......

1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述

的观点!

e.g:

[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This

remark

has been shared by more and more people .

"Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion

of a

great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.

[2]."........." How often we hear such

thoses

/this .

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional

complains as

this "......".

1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章

要讨论的观点.

e.g:

[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking

a fresh

look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But

people now

share this new .

1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

e.g:

[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The

phenemenon of

... has aroused public concern.

[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we

are

often confront with in our daily life.

[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may

be

(unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.

1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点,

话题.

e.g:

Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ...,

others ...

But in my opinion , ...... .