请大家精读纯英文先，句子解析在后
1. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.
2. There is another conversation, which from our point of view is equally important, and that has to do not with what is read but with how it is read.
3. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-hearted house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
4. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.
5. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
6. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all his answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.
7. Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course, which he attends, gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree.
8. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.
9. A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.
10. Mr.Gretz calculates that solar energy only provided three percent of the EEC’s needs; this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year.
11. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.
12. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on.
13. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.
14. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
15. When children understand that the light of the lighting flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark.
16. Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.
17. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients- even when those patients are their parents.
18. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different form others.
19. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.
20. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
21. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure.
22. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
23. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
24. A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward.
25. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
26. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.
27. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.
28. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community’s future energy needs.
29. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation.
30. The sight of Barney Clark- alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal and plastic pump- convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.
31. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.
32. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
33. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
34. Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.”
35. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process.
36. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies- and other creatures- learn to do things because certain cats lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true.
37. But is used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger.
38. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role.
39. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
40. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
41. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings.
42. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds.
43. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance based points towards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
44. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.
45. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.
46. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers.
47. Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
48. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.
49. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?
50. We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning.

1.对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外，没有什么理由询问有关海洋的问题，更谈不上询问海洋有什么之类的问题。
2. 依我们看，还有另一种对话同样重要，它与所读的内容无关，而与阅读的方式有关。
3. 每年冬天，上百万台冰箱不断的嗡嗡作响，花费很大，在人工制热的房间里忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间，而在室外，自然免费提供理想的温度。
4. 冰箱对人类幸福贡献不多，但他对环境的影响到是不小。
5. 但是，驾驶员有责任让座在前排的14岁以下的乘客系上某种安全带，否则不得坐在前排。
6. 当然，如果计算机得出的全部答案均需复查一遍，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处，就必须进行复查。
7. 大学生通常必须修满一定数量的课程才能毕业，每修完一门课就得到相应的学分，累计到一定量便能拿到学位。
8. 这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉批评，但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做法的批评，因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。
9. 在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为，只要略微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费，就能使这方面的研究提前20年取得突破。
10. 格雷茨先生计算得出，即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的3%，每年也能为其节约价值约10亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。
11. 贝斯以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士，责任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈，并对病人的身体状况作全面纪录，内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。
12. 巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴儿面前，她观察到如下有趣的现象：有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯，但是灯亮的时候就会发出“哥哥的笑声”。
13. 通常，投诉如果既有礼貌，又很坚决又极有效，尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。
14. 因此，我们身处熟悉，安全的环境时就睡得好，而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡不好。
15. 假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时到达他们的眼睛，而雷声约5秒钟才传播1英里，那他们就可以开始给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时，以了解自己离实际火花的远近。
16. 大多数人都会同意这一看法：尽管当代在知识方面超越了过去所有的时代，但智慧方面并无相应的增加。
17. 他们生病时，我们把他们转到医院，而孩子们不许探望患有不治之症的病人，即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。
18. 我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不同的行为，言谈，思维和感觉等方式。
19. 研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为：奖励能提高工作和学习表现。
20. 研究精神生活各个方面的认知学派研究人员则认为：奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物有依赖心理，常常会破环他们的创造性。
21. 如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气，以至于放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法，然而由于我们已经习惯于如此迅速的发展，我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人了。
22. 进一步展望未来，通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合，人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。
23. 学生也能在攻读学位期间到其他学校修课，不过实际上通常不这么做。
24. 随着新拓居地不断向西推进，快速长途运输方式这个问题亟待解决。
25. 在这种情况下，假如消费者提出的要求合理，常常按对其有利的方法解决。
26. 假如人们面对的信息使他们思考自己感兴趣的事物，他们就会警觉起来，而且表现出较强的接受能力。
27. 但是他指出欧洲经济共同体在这方面的研究经费只要在现有水平上略微增加，到下个十年的末期就有可能取得突破。
28. 他认为如果能在这方面采用更先进的技术，满足欧共体未来能源需求的比例可能更大。
29. 但是随着人们重新关注杀虫剂对农产品的影响，以及红外线扫描技术的改进，Paley希望能重操旧业。
30. 新闻界，公众和许多医生看到巴尼克拉克以一个金属和塑料制成的人造心脏换下自己患病的心脏后仍然或者，并且头脑清醒，于是他们相信患者们的光明未来已经到来。
31. 试图探索婴儿从发声到开始说话的过程是十分困难的。
32. 问题是中模仿到了什么程度可以算是讲话了。
33. 假如不那么做，你可能被送上法庭，导师如果你不能向法庭证明你有理由可以不系安全带，你将会被罚款。这一点你必须牢记在心。
34. 海洋学被定义为“综合应用所有科学学科对海洋进行的研究”。
35. 然而，令人遗憾的是，很少有人试图给处于这个再社会化过程中的父亲提供教育。
36. 过去一段时间以来人们普遍接受一种观点，即婴儿和其他生物学做某些动作，是因为做这些动作可以得到“奖赏”——没有理由怀疑这一点的正确性。
37. 过去人们也普遍相信“产生预期效果的奖赏”都与人的基本生理需要，如口渴，饥饿等直接相关，至少在婴儿时期如此。
38. 有些作家认为，(丈夫向)父亲角色的转变尽管困难，但不如妻子必须向母亲角色转变那么大。
39. 它把城镇和人们相互联系起来，对统一美国起了促进作用。
40. 尽管写美国母亲的书很多，但是文学指示最近才开始关注父亲的角色。
41   他们的绘图板上钉着改进的防震楼的设计蓝图。
42. 艾森伯格认为：如果一个老师不断地要求学生把注意力放在奖励上，并对一般的成绩也大方的送以高分，最终只能培养出没有创造力的学生。
43. 德拉华大学心理学家指出：对小学生运用所谓的象征性奖励制度，即学生解决一定要动脑筋才能解决的问题，同时根据表现的好坏得到一定的分数，直到获得宝贵的奖赏，这有望使学生更加努力，更好发挥创造性。
44. 海底电缆铺好了，但是直到1866年这条通讯线路才最终完成并可靠的运行。
45. 美国食品和药物管理局对贾维克7号的生产过程进行观察，并审阅它对大约150人（大多数人士临时使用）的影响后，得出结论，认为贾维克7号对生命的危害大于其救命的作用。
46. 读者向本文提问并得到答案，过去就是如此。
47. 英国和世界上几乎任何其他国家相比，都必须更加严峻地面对建筑物向高空发展的问题，即给其相当多的人口提供高层公寓的问题。
48. 从前我们的公寓都是低薪阶层居住，缺少应有的方便设施，如暖气，不间断的热水供应，从顶层到底层的电梯等等，以及细微但重要的东西，如一层处理尘土与垃圾的方便设备和婴儿车存放地，顶层小孩们的游乐场和衣服的晾衣晒场地。
49. 不管人类如何做相反的假装，他仍旧是自然的一部分。它能逃避遍布世界的污染吗？
50. 我们知道，即使是一次性的受到大量杀虫剂的污染，也可以引起其严重的中毒。