Unit 20 In the hospital 在医院
【Brief Introduction 简介】 在英美国家，医疗费十分昂贵。对初到异国，收入有限的中国人来说，一笔普通的医疗费，很可能成为沉重的经济负担。即使一般当地人对此也望而生畏。因此，中国人到国外要注意两件事。一是注意劳逸结合，科学保健，尽量不生病或少生病。二是参加健康保险。 在英美国家，看病一般都要预约。如果预约的是私人诊所到预约时间就可以看病；如果是大医院，到了预约时间也还是要挂号等候。 最后要注意的是看病时，只要向医生叙述病情及回答医生的问题即可，不可以先给自己的病下结论，如说 I have a cold 等；也不能自己点药，这样医生会认为你不尊重他。 【Basic Expressions 基本句型表达】 Asking about illness 询诊 ●What can I do for you? 你哪里不舒服？ ●What’s the trouble? 怎么啦？ ●What’s up with you? 你生什么病了？ ●Do you have any appetite? 吃东西有胃口吗？ ●How’s your appetite lately? 近来食欲怎样？ ●Have you vomited? 你呕吐过吗？ ●Do you feel tired? 你感到累吗？ ●What did you vomit, food or blood? 你吐的是食物还是血？ ●Have you been coughing and sneezing? 你是不是一直咳嗽和打喷嚏。 ●Are you allergic to penicillin? 你对青霉素过敏吗？ ●Do you remember how many times did you go to the toilet? 你记得去过多少次厕所吗？ ●What’s your stool like? 大便是什么样子的？ ●Are your bowels acting properly? 你的大便正常吗? ●What kind of pain do you feel? 你觉得怎么个痛法？ ●Where is your pain? 你觉得哪儿痛？ ●Is the cut still painful? 伤口还痛吗？ ●Do you feel pain after meals? 是饭后痛吗？ ●How was your leg hurt? 你的腿怎么受伤的？ ●Have you lost weight recently? 你最近体重减轻了吗？ ●Have you got any chronic disease before? 你以前有过慢性病吗？ ●Do you feel short of breath? 你觉得气急吗？
Describing symptoms 陈述症状 ●I’ve got this pain in my ear, a sore throat and keep losing in my voice. 我耳朵痛，嗓子痛，话也说不出来。 ●I have a bad cough and my chest aches. 我咳嗽很厉害而且胸痛。 ●I have got a headache and I feel chilly. 我头痛，还觉得有些发冷。 ●I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。 ●I’m aching all over. 我全身都痛。 ●I feel like vomiting. 我觉得想吐。 ●I’m suffering from insomnia. 我失眠了。
About the time when it started 关于发病时间 ●When did it start? 什么时候开始发病的？ ●How long have you been like this? 你这样有多久了？ ●When did the pain start? 什么时候开始痛的？ ●When did it happen? 什么时候发生的？ ●When did you begin feeling unwell? 你什么时候感觉身体不适的？
Examining and advising 诊查和医嘱 ●Let me take your blood pressure. 让我量一下你的血压。 ●I’ll take your blood count first. 先查一次血常规。 ●Please go and take a stool test. 请先去查一下大便。 ●I’ll just give you a prescription. 我给你开一张药方。 ●Take one of these pills three times a day after meal. 这些药片每日服三次，每次一片，饭后服。 ●Drink this mixture four times a day, one measure each time. 这合剂每天服四次，每次一格。 ●You must have this medicine two times a day. 你必须每天吃这种药，一天两次。
【Conversations会话】 Dialogue 1 (At the dentist’s) 看牙医 A: I have a terrible toothache. 我牙痛得厉害。 B: Which tooth is it? 哪颗牙？ A: (Pointing) This one here. （指指）这一颗。 B: Ah, yes. There’s a big cavity. 啊，是的。有个大洞。 A: Can you fill it? 能补吗？ B: I’m afraid not. The tooth is too far gone. It’ll have to be taken out. 恐怕不行。坏得太厉害了。只好拔掉了。 A: Then I might as well have it out now. 那还不如现在就拔呢。 B: You’d better wait. The gums are swollen. 还是等等吧。牙床肿了。 Take the medicine I prescribe and come back in three days. 吃我给你开的药，三天以后再来。
Dialogue 2 (Bob groans) （鲍勃在呻吟） A: What’s the matter, Bob? 鲍勃,怎么啦？ B: I think it’s my ankle. 我把脚扭了。 A: What happened? 出了什么事？ B: One of my snowshoes got caught on a rock. 我的一只雪鞋绊在石头上了。 A: Can you stand? 你能站起来吗？ B: I don’t think so. It’s kind of sore. 我不行。挺疼的。 A: We’ll have to get you to a hospital for an X-ray. 我们得带你去医院拍个片子。 B: Is that really necessary? 真的有必要吗？ A: It may be worse than it seems. 你的脚扭伤可能比想象的要严重。 (In the hospital emergency ward) 在医院急诊室 A: How’s it feel? 感觉怎么样？ B: About the same. 和刚才差不多。 A: Someone will be out to take a look any minute now. 很快就有人给你看的。 B: Should we be here, Alice? I don’t think it’s that serious. 艾丽斯，我们要来这儿吗？ 我看没那么严重。 A: Of course! It’s the sort of thing a hospital emergency ward is for. 当然得来这儿啦！ 医院的急诊室就是干这个的。 C: Will he have to wait much longer? 要等很长时间吗？ A: I hope not. It isn’t that busy. 希望不会。这儿不是那么忙。
Dialogue 3 A: What seems to be the trouble, Mr. Brown? 布朗先生，哪儿不舒服？ B: I’m in pretty bad shape, Dr. Ford. 我的情况很糟，福特大夫。 A: Oh, in what way? 噢，有什么症状？ B: No appetite, always on edge, and I can’t sleep well. 没有胃口，总是很紧张，觉也睡不好。 A: Did you lose any weight? 体重下降了没有？ B: Yes, I have lost quite a few pounds since last month. 降了。上个月以来，我已经轻了好几磅。 A: When was the last time you had a check-up? 上次体检是什么时候？ B: About two month ago. 大约两个月以前。 A: Let me take your blood pressure. You look anemic. 我给你量一量血压。你好像贫血。 (Dr. Ford proceeds to take Mr. Broun’s blood pressure.) 福特大夫给布朗先生量血压。 A: Well, Mr. Broun, I’m happy to say it’s nothing serious. 好了，布朗先生，没有什么大问题。 You’re just a little run-down from overwork. 你就是工作太劳累了。 B: What am I supposed to do? 那我该怎么办呢？ A: I think all you need is just a vacation. 我看你只要休一次假就行了。 Try to get outdoors more and be sure to get more rest. 多到户外活动，一定要多休息。 B: Thank you, doctor. I’ll do as you say. 谢谢你，大夫。我会照你说的去做的。
Dialogue 4 A: What’s wrong with you? You look pale. 你有什么不舒服吗？你看起来很苍白。 B: I’m not sure, I feel hot and cold. 我不确定，我感觉一阵冷一阵热。 A: When did the trouble start? 什么时候开始不舒服的？ B: I was sick most of the night. 我大半夜都难受。 A: It sounds like you are coming down with the flu. Let me take your temperature. 听起来你好像得了流行感冒。让我量量你的体温。 B: Have I got a high fever? 我发烧吗？ A: Yes, thirty-eight point seven. Do you have a headache, chest or throat pain? 是的。38.7度。你头痛吗？ 胸和嗓子痛吗？ B: Yes, I have. 是的，痛。 A: Now, let me have a look at you. I’d like to listen to your chest. Now breathe in, a deep breath, that’s it. Cough, now again. I want to examine your throut, too. Open wide, say “ah--”. 来，让我瞧瞧你。 想听听你的胸部，现在往里吸气，深深地吸一口气，对了。咳嗽一下，再咳一次。我还想再查查你的喉咙，把嘴张开，说“啊——” B: Aaaaahh, aaaaahh. 啊——啊——啊——啊。 A: Yes, it does look a bit sore. Let’s take an X-ray of your chest and give you a few tests. 是的，确实有些炎症。好吧，我们来透视一下你的肺，再做些化验。 B: All right, thanks. 好，谢谢。 A: The tests showed nothing wrong. A slight viral infection. 化验结果没有问题，有点轻度病毒感染。 B: What shall I do today? 那我该怎么办？ A: I’m giving you some antibiotics and aspirins. Take an aspirin when you’ve got a fever, and take one antibiotics capsule every four hours, and go home and rest in bed for two days. Drink plenty of water, then you’ll feel better. Here’s the prescription. 我给你开一些抗生素和阿司匹林。发烧时吃一片阿司匹林，每四个小时吃一粒抗生素胶囊。回家卧床休息两天。多喝开水，就会好的。这是处方。 B: Thank you, doctor. Good-bye. 谢谢你，大夫。再见。
【Key Words and Notes 关键词和注释】 1. appetite n. 食欲，胃口 2. vomit v. 呕吐 3. feel tired 感到疲劳 4. cough v. 咳嗽 5. sneeze vi. 打喷嚏 6. allergic a. 过敏的 7. penicillin n. 青霉素，盘尼西林（音译） 8. toilet n. 盥洗室 9. stool n. 凳子；大便 10. pain n. 疼痛，痛苦 painful a. 疼痛的 11. cut n. 伤口 12. chronic disease 慢性病 13. short of breath 呼吸短促 14. throat n. 咽喉，喉咙 15. have a bad cough 咳嗽得厉害 16. have one’s chest aches 胸口疼痛 17. have a headache 头痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a toothache 牙疼 18. unwell a. 不舒服的，不适的 19. take one’s blood pressure 量血压 20. blood count 血球计数（即是血常规测量的项目） 21. prescription n. 处方 prescribe v. 指示，开（药） 22. pill n. 药丸 23. medicine n. 药 24. dentist n. 牙医 25. cavity n. 洞 26. swollen a. 肿胀的 27. groan v. 呻吟 28. ankle n. 踝，脚脖子 29. sore n. 痛处 30. emergency ward 急诊病房，急诊室 31. be in bad shape 情况很糟 32. on edge 紧张 33. check-up n. 体检 34. anemic a. 贫血的 35. run-down 疲劳的 36. take one’s temperature 量体温 37. have a fever 发烧 38. virus infection 病毒感染 39. antibiotics n. 抗生素 40. aspirin n. 阿斯匹林(解热镇痛药) 41. capsule n. 胶囊
【Alternative Exercises 替换练习】 1． What seems to be the matter? trouble problem 哪儿不舒服？
2． What’s wrong with your ear? finger leg nose 你的耳朵怎么啦？ 手指 腿 鼻子
3．I feel sick. so ill feverish dizzy awful very bad 我感到不舒服。 很不舒服 发烧 晕眩 不适 很不好
4．I feel a pain in the chest. liver waist 我胸口疼。 肝 腰
5．I have a headache. backache heartache toothache 我头痛。 背疼 心口疼 牙疼
1． Let me take your blood pressure. feel your pulse take your temperature listen to your chest 让我量一下你的血压。 给你把一下脉 量一下你的体温 听一下你的心跳
2． I’ll give you some tablets for your headache. pills capsules plasters 我将给你一些治头痛的药片。 药丸 胶囊 膏药
3． Take one each time, three times a day after meals. two twice before 一次一片，每日三次，饭后吃。 两 两次 饭前
Unit 21 In the Restaurant在餐厅
【Brief Introduction 简介】 西方有句格言：“We eat to live, not live to eat.”在高度的社会竞争压力下，现代欧洲人饮食方式特别讲究，英美人喜欢吃生菜，即使是肉类、鱼类也煮得半生不熟，因为他们都认为半生的食物不会破坏营养价值；英国人喜欢吃各种肉类，每餐都加水果；美国人是甜中带咸的口味。 一般打电话预约大餐馆的餐位，常说：“I’d like to…”或“Can I…”的问句，而对方会问？“When will it be? What size is it?”西食很重视食客个人的爱好。欧美人与中国人的饮食习惯有着很大区别： 1． 一般欧美人士一天三餐，尤其午餐一般在小吃店解决。 2． 在美国，几个人一起上餐馆用餐，应先搞清谁付帐。应当注意的是：一个朋友说请你吃饭，并不等于为你付帐。 3． 在西方，较流行的快餐店有汉堡包店（McDonald’s），比萨饼店（Pizza Hut），热狗店（Hot dog Stands）,炸鸡店（Kentucky Fried Chicken），咖啡店（Coffee Shop）等等。
【Basic Expressions 基本句型表达】 Full 满座 ● I’m sorry. We’re full now. Would you mind waiting for a while? 对不起，已经满座了，您能等一会儿吗？ ● I’m afraid the restaurant is full now. 恐怕现在酒店已经满座了。 ● You have to wait for about twenty minutes. 您得等大概20分钟。
suggestion 提议先到别处 ● Would you care to have a drink at the lounge first? 您介意先到休息室喝一杯吗？ ● Would you wait at the bar until there is a free table? 您在吧台等一会儿，直到有空桌好吗？
Questions about the seats 询问座位偏好 ● Would you prefer a quiet corner? 您偏好安静的角落吗？ ● Would you like a seat near the window? 您喜欢靠窗的座位吗？ ● Would you like a seat with a harbor view? 您喜欢能看到海港景色的座位吗？ ● Where would you prefer to sit, sir? 先生，您愿意坐在这儿吗？
Guiding 带领客人入座 ● Would you come step this way, please? 请往这边走。 ● May I show you your table? 我带您到桌上去。 ● Please take a seat, sir, 先生，请坐。
About the dishes 关于饭菜 ● I like specialties. 我喜欢风味菜。 ● to offer a variety of seafood delicates. 提供多种美味的海鲜品。 ● Are you ready to order now, sir? 先生，您准备好点菜了吗？ ● Would you like anything to start with? 您想先吃点什么？ ● Anything to drink? 要喝点什么吗？ ● What are your specialties for lunch today? 今天你们这儿有什么特色菜吗？ ● What are the specialties of the restaurant? 这家饭店的特色菜是什么？ ● The chicken curry with rice is very good. 咖喱鸡饭味道好极了。 ● I’d like to try the beef, please. 请给我来点牛肉。 ● Would you like it rare, medium, or well-done? 您喜欢生一点，中等程度还是老一点？
I’m full 吃饱了 ● I’m afraid I can’t eat any more. 恐怕我不能再吃了。 ● No, thank you. I’m getting full. 不，谢谢。我吃饱了。
Paying for the bill 付帐 ● May I have the bill, please? 请把帐单给我好吗？ ● It’s my treat this time. 这次我请客。 ● Let’s go Dutch this time. 这次我们各自付帐。 ● Let’s split the dinner check. 我们对半付帐吧。
【Conversations会话】 Dialogue 1 A: What can I do for you, sir? 先生，您要来点什么？ B: What have you got this morning? 今天早上你们这儿有什么？ A: Fruit juice, cakes and refreshments, and everything. 水果汁、糕点、各种茶点等等，应有尽有。 B: I’d like to have a glass of tomato juice, please. 请给我来一杯西红柿汁。 A: Any cereal, sir? 要来点谷类食品吗，先生？ B: Yes, a dish of cream of wheat. 好的，来一份麦片粥。 A: And eggs? 还要来点鸡蛋什么的吗？ B: Year, bacon and eggs with buttered toast. I like my bacon very crisp. 要，再来一份熏猪肉和鸡蛋，我喜欢熏猪肉松脆一点。 A: How do you want your eggs? 您喜欢鸡蛋怎么做？ Ｂ: Fried, please. 煎的。 A: Anything more, sir? 还要什么别的东西吗，先生？ B: No, that’s enough. Thank you. 不要了，足够了。谢谢。
Dialogue 2 (A couple waiting to be seated in a crowded restaurant) （一对夫妇在拥挤的餐厅外等待就座） A: Do you have a reservation, sir? 请问您订位了吗？先生，太太？ B: No, I am afraid we don’t. 没有。 A: I’m sorry. The restaurant is full now. You have to wait for about half an hour. Would you care to have a drink at the lounge until a table is available? 很抱歉，餐厅已经满座了。约要等30分钟才会有空桌。你们介意在休息室喝点东西直至有空桌吗？ B: No，thanks. We’ll come back later. May I reserve a table for two? 不用了，谢谢。我们等一会儿再来。请替我们预定一张二人桌，可以吗？ A: Yes, of course. May I have your name, sir? 当然可以。请问先生贵姓？ B: Bruce. By the way. Can we have a table by the window? 布鲁斯。顺便，我们可以要一张靠近窗口的桌子吗？ A: We’ll try to arrange it but I can’t guarantee, sir. 我们会尽量安排，但不能保证，先生。 B: That’s fine. 我们明白了。 (Half an hour later, the couple comes back.) 半小时后，布鲁斯夫妇回来了。 A: Your table is ready, sir. Please step this way. 你们的桌子已经准备好了，先生，太太。请往这边走。
Dialogue 3 A: Waiter, a table for two, please. 服务生，请给我一张两人的桌子。 B: Yes, this way please. 好的，请跟我来。 A: Can we see the menu, please？ 能让我们看一看菜单吗？ B: Here you are. 给您。 A: What’s good today? 今天有什么好吃的？ B: I recommand crispy and fried duck. 我推荐香酥鸭。 A: We don’t want that. Well, perhaps we’ll begin with mushroom soup, and follow by some seafood and chips. 我们不想吃香酥鸭。或许我们可以先吃蘑菇汤，然后再要点海鲜和土豆片。 B: Do you want any dessert? 要甜品吗？ C: No dessert, thanks. Just coffee. 不，谢谢。 咖啡就行了。 (After a few minutes.) 过了一会儿。 A: I can have the check, please. 结帐。 C: George. Let’s split this. 乔治，我们各自付帐吧。 A: No, it’s my treat tonight. 不，今天我请客。 B: Cash or charge, sir? 现金还是记帐？ A: Charge, please. Put it on my American Express. 记帐。请记入我的“美国运通信用卡”帐号。
Dialogue 4 A: Good morning. Can I help you? 早上好。有什么能效劳的吗？ B: I want an American breakfast with fried eggs, sunny side up. 我想要一份美式早餐，要单面煎的鸡蛋。 A: What kind of juice do you prefer, sir? 您想要哪种果汁呢？ B: Grapefruit juice and please make my coffee very strong. 西柚汁，还有，我要杯很浓的咖啡。 A: Yes, sir. American breakfast with fried eggs, sunny side up, grapefruit juice and a black coffee. Am I correct, sir? 好的，一份美式早餐，要单面煎的鸡蛋、西柚汁及一杯清咖啡，对吗？ B: Yes, that’s right. 是的。 A: Is there any thing else, sir? 还有什么吗，先生？ B: No, that’s all. 没有了，谢谢。 (Later) 稍后 A: Good morning, sir. I’ve brought the breakfast you ordered. 早上好，先生。您要的早餐送上来了。 B: Just put it on the table, please. 请放在桌上。 A: Do you need anything else, sir? 先生，还有其他需要吗？ B: No thanks. Ah, yes! Can I have some more juice for the minibar? 没有，谢谢。 啊！可否多放一些果汁在冰箱里？ A: What kind of juice would you like, sir? 哪种果汁呢，先生？ B: Tomato, orange and apple juice, please. 番茄汁、橙汁及苹果汁。 A: Yes, sir. I’ll get them for you right away. Would you please sign this bill first? Thank you, sir. 好的，我立刻去取。麻烦您先签了这张帐单。
Dialogue 5 A:Oh, I’m starving. I’d like to try some real Chinese cuisine. What would you recommend, waiter? 啊，我快饿死啦。我想吃点真正的中国菜。您给我推荐什么呢，服务生？ B: Well, it depends. You see, there are eight famous Chinese cuisines: for instance, the Sichuan cuisine, and the Hunan cuisine. 那要看情况了。您知道，中国主要有八大菜系。比方说，川菜、湘菜。 A: They are both spicy hot, I’ve heard. 我听说这两种都很辣。 B: That’s right. If you like hot dishes, you can try some. 对。您要是爱吃辣的，可以试试。 A: They might be too hot for me. 对我来说可能太辣了点。 B: Then there’s the Cantonese cuisine and the Jiangsu cuisine. Most southerners like them. 再有是粤菜和江苏菜。大多南方人都爱吃。 A: What about any special Beijing dishes? 有什么特别的北京风味菜吗？ B: There’s the Beijing roast duck. 有北京烤鸭啊。 A: Oh, yes. I’ve heard a lot about it. I’d like very much to try it. Where can I find it? 啊，对了，听过多次了。我很想试一试。在哪儿能吃到呢？ B: You can find it in most restaurants, but the best place is certainly Quanjude Restaurant. 大多数饭店都有烤鸭，可是最好的当然还是全聚德烤鸭店。 A: Is it near here? 离这儿近吗？ B: Not too near but not too far either. A taxi will take you there in 15 minutes, if the traffic is not too bad, I mean. 不太近也不算远。乘出租车15分钟能到。我是说，要是堵车不厉害的话。 A: Well, thank you for your information. But what is the name of that restaurant again? 好，多谢您的指点。请您再说一下那个饭馆的名字好吗？ B: Let me write it down on this slip of paper for you. You can show it to the taxi-driver. 我来给您写在这张纸片上。您好拿给出租车司机看。 A: That’s very kind of you. Thanks a lot. 您真是太好了！多谢多谢。 B: You’re welcome. 不客气。
【Key Words and Notes 关键词和注释】 1. full a. 满座的；饱的 2. restaurant n. 饭店，酒店 3. lounge n. 休息室 4. bar n. 酒吧 5. harbor n. 海港 6. specialty n. 特产，风味 7. curry n. 咖哩饭菜 8. beef n. 牛肉 9. rare a. （肉类）半熟的 10. bill n. 帐单 11. It’s my treat. 意思是“我请客”。 12. go Dutch 各自付帐 13. fruit juice 果汁 tomato juice 西红柿汁 14. cereal n. 谷类食品 15. fifty-fifty ad. 对半地 16. fried a. 油炸的，煎的 17. crowded a. 拥挤的 18. reserve vt. 预定，预约 reservation n. 预定，预约 19. guarantee v. 担保，保证 20. menu n. 菜单 21. crispy a. 松脆的 22. sweet n. 甜食 23. cash n. 现金 v. 兑现 24. charge v. 记帐 25. grapefruit n. 柚子 26. minibar n. （小酒吧的）冰箱 27. cuisine n. 烹饪, 烹调风格 28. hot a. 辣的 29. Cantonese a. 广东的 Cantonese cuisine 粤菜 30. roast duck 烤鸭
【Alternative Exercises 替换练习】 1. Do you have a table for two? four eight 你这里有两人坐的桌子吗？ 四 八
2. May I take your order, Sir (Madam)? Are you ready to order Would you like to order now 先生（女士），你要点菜了吗？
3. What would you like to start with? for starters 您要先吃点什么？
4. What sort of fruit would you like to start with? drink wine 您先要点哪一种水果？ 饮料 葡萄酒
4. I’d like my eggs poached. boiled scrambled fried 我想要水煮荷包蛋。 蒸鸡蛋 炒鸡蛋 煎鸡蛋
5. I’d like my beef rare. medium well down 我想要半熟的牛肉。 半生熟的 熟透的
6. What’s the special for today? today’s special 今天的特色菜是什么？
7. I’ll have some buttered toast. a large Coke the carp soup the fried rice crust the clear soup mashed potatoes the steamed meat the fried sole the smoked duck a green salad the pea soup 我想吃一点奶油土司。 一个大瓶可乐 一个鲤鱼汤 一块煎面包片 一个清汤 一个土豆泥 一个蒸熟肉 一个煎鳎鱼 一个熏鸭 一个青色拉 一个豌豆汤
8. Please give me some more ice. sugar lemon milk 请给我再来一些冰。 糖 柠檬 牛奶
9. I’ve had enough I’m ready to burst. I’m stuffed I’m really full 我吃饱了，我肚子快撑破了。
10. Can I have my bill, please? you bring me the bill 请给我票据好吗？ |
英语学习 
迎奥运:全民英语教程第12课
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