Some ideas for extra practice or enrichment

　　1  Use the picture that you have brought several times to your lessons. Give a picture to each pair. They should discuss the picture in as much detail as possible. By using pictures, students can become more comfortable with just speaking. As the students are describing the pictures, make sure they don't write down the description. Some students feel they need to write what they are going to say before they say it. However, this is a bad habit, and will actually hinder their language learning. Encourage the students just to speak. As they are talking wander around the room and give help as necessary.

　　运用你上课时用过的图片，给每组学生一张，让学生尽可能详细地讨论图片。学生描述图片时，一定不要写下描述的内容。一些学生觉得在用英语说前需要把他们想说的先写下来，这是说英语的坏习惯，不利于你的语言学习。要鼓励学生只说英语，必要时教师可以给予提示。

　　2  Have the students design their own kind of transportation and name it. They should give the purpose of their vehicle. Maybe they want to design something that takes them to the moon, the sun, or just around the block. Encourage them to be as creative as possible. You may need tohelp them with some of the names of parts of vehicles like tyres, windshield, etc.

　　让学生自已设计他们自己的交通工具，并给它取名，学生必须说明这种交通工具的用途。或许他们想设计一些能把他们带上月球、太阳或只是街道四周。鼓励学生尽可能有创造性，教师可以帮助学生给他们的交通工具取名，像轮胎、挡风玻璃等。

阅读教学建议

　　本单元第112课第三部分是一篇供选用的短文。练习册第111、112课中也有两三段短文。在阅读训练中，教师可利用课文后的问题让学生进行锻炼。如能以课文线索为背景，画简笔连环画，帮助学生理解和复述课文，效果会更好。练习册第112课练习 6就是这种教法的一个示例。

词语辨析

　　1．over the river和on the rive

　　over the river指“在河的上空（或上方）”，on the river指“在河面上”。over和on都是介词，over是“在……上方”的意思，on是“在……上面”的意思，前者指两物体不接触，后者指两物体相接触。如：

　　There’s a light over the table.

　　桌子上方有一个灯。（light与table不接触）

　　There’s a bridge over the river.

　　河上有座桥。（bridge和river不接触）

　　How many boats are there on the river?

　　河面上有多少只船？（boats和river接触）

　　The kite flies over the house．

　　风筝飞在屋子上空。（kite和house不接触）

　　There’s a tall building on the mountain．

　　山上有座高楼。（building和mountain接触）

　　over可表示从一边到另一边越过某一物体，两者可以接触，也可以不接触，on可指在某一物体上面移动。试比较：

　　The plane flies over the mountain.

　　飞机飞过那座山。（飞机和山不接触）

　　The red car runs over the bridge.

　　那辆红色汽车驶过大桥。（汽车与桥接触）

　　The car runs fast on the road．汽车在路上飞驰。

　　2．too much 和 too many

　　too much和too many都作“太多”解，too much修饰不可数名词。而too man修饰可数名词。这里副词too是“太”，“过分”的意思，加强 much或many的程度。如：

　　You can’t have too much food at a time, or you II feel bad.

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