第13章 数词
一.概念:
数词分两类:基数词和序数词.表示数目的词叫基数词,表示须序的词叫序数词.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.基数词
1)基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five

2)基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里.例如:
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到了.
c. 表示"几十岁".
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数.
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen.
2.序数词
序数词的缩写形式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st等.
3.数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as.例如
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多.
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of….例如:
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍.
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than….例如:
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍.例如:
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍.
2)分数表示法的构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母.分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数.例如:
1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
三.巩固练习
1.______ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.
a. Thousand upon thousand of b. Thousand and thousands of
c. Thousands upon thousands of d. Thousand and thousand of
2.They received ______ of letters about their TV programs.
a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens
3.Who is that man,______ in the front row
a. one b. the one c. first d. the first
4.We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.
a. as much cotton twice b. as twice much cotton
c. much as twice cotton d. twice as much cotton
5.The earth is about ______ as the moon.
a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big
6.The population of many Alaskan cities has ______ in the past three years.
a. more than doubled b. more doubled than c. much than doubled d. much doubled than
7.The moon is about _____ in diameter as diameter as the earth.
a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one third as large
8.Five hundred yuan a month _____ enough to live on.
a. is b. are c. is being d. has been
9.______ of the buildings were ruined.
a. Three fourth b. Three four c. Three-fourths d. Three-four
10.Consult _____ for questions about earthquakes.
a. the six index b. index six c. sixth index d. index numbering six
四.答案
CDDDBACACB

第14章 冠词
一.概念
冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.
二.相关知识点精讲
1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hour. 请区别:a useful machine, an umbrella, a "u", an "h".
2.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the.
3.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the. 如:the sun, the moon, the earth.
4.the用于序数词,表方位的名词和形容词最高级前.the first, the best , in the south.
5.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数.如:the Browns.
6.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair.
7.不能用定冠词the的几个方面: (1)在节日,星期,月份,季节,年等词前不用冠词.如:in summer, in August 请区别:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词.如:have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.
8.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:
in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部
in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里.
三.巩固练习
1.When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.
a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the
2.He has promised to give up ______ hundreds of times.
a. tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos
3.______ usually go to church every Sunday.
a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns
4.The train is running fifty miles ______.
a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour
5.He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good ______.
a.at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute
6.The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.
a.those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor
7.You look in high spirit. You must have ______ during your holiday.
a. wonderful time b. a wonderful time c. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time
8.The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ______ traffic there was so heavy.
a .a b. an c. the d. one
9.A new teacher was sent to the village in place of ______ one who had retired.
a. a b. the c. an d. its
10.Virtue and vice are before you;______ leads you to happiness,______ to misery.
a. the former…latter b. a former…a latter
c. the former…the latter d. former…latter
四.答案
CBDAADBCBC

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